In a significant doctrinal update, Pope Leo XIV has approved a new Vatican document that redefines how Catholics should refer to the Virgin Mary, emphasizing her role as the Mother of the Faithful rather than as a co-redeemer.
The document, titled Mater Populi Fidelis (Latin for “Mother of the Faithful Pe ople”), was issued by the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith and officially released on November 4, 2025. It clarifies several long-debated Marian titles and provides guidance to ensure that devotion to Mary remains consistent with the central Christian belief that salvation comes through Christ alone.
What the New Vatican Note Says
The new doctrinal note firmly discourages the use of the title “Co-Redemptrix” (or “Co-Redeemer”) when referring to Mary. According to the Vatican, this term can cause theological confusion by suggesting that Mary shares in the unique redemptive work of Jesus Christ. “Mary cooperated in God’s plan of salvation, but she is not a redeemer alongside Christ. Her role must always be understood as subordinate to, and dependent upon, the one Redeemer,” the note states.
Similarly, the document addresses the use of the title “Mediatrix” or “Mediatrix of All Graces.” While acknowledging Mary’s intercessory role in the life of believers, the Vatican warns that the title should not imply that she distributes grace independently or replaces Christ as the one mediator between God and humanity.
Instead of these disputed terms, the Vatican encourages Catholics to use titles that highlight Mary’s maternal and spiritual role. Among the affirmed titles are:
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Mother of God
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Mother of the Church
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Mother of the Faithful People (Mater Populi Fidelis)
These names, the Vatican explains, more accurately reflect Mary’s position in salvation history as a devoted disciple, intercessor, and mother to all believers.
For decades, some Marian devotees and theologians have proposed that the Church officially declare Mary as “Co-Redemptrix” to emphasize her participation in Christ’s redemptive suffering. However, the Vatican has repeatedly declined such proposals, citing potential misunderstandings that could overshadow the exclusive salvific role of Jesus.
This latest document reaffirms the Church’s long-standing position, aligning with previous statements from Popes John Paul II, Benedict XVI, and Francis, who all cautioned against misinterpreting Mary’s cooperation with Christ’s mission.
The Vatican was quick to stress that the new document does not diminish Mary’s importance in Catholic faith and devotion. She remains venerated as the model of faith, obedience, and compassion a powerful intercessor for the Church and for all humanity.
The note concludes by reminding the faithful that true Marian devotion always leads to Christ, not away from Him. “The Virgin Mary accompanies the Church as a mother and disciple. To love her is to be drawn more deeply into the mystery of her Son,” it affirms.
